Rajith Perera

@article{Ranasinghe2024,

title = {Assessment of Soil Quality and Metal Contaminants in Paddy Soils and Water in a CKDu-Affected area in Sri Lanka},

author = {RAHB Ranasinghe and PLRA Perera and WAPJ Premaratne and JA Liyanage and WPRT Perera},

url = {https://sciendo.com/article/10.2478/plua-2024-0020



https://rajithperera.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Assessment-of-Soil-Quality-and-Metal-Contaminants-in-Paddy-Soils-and-Water-in-a-CKDuAffected-area-in-Sri-Lanka.pdf



https://www.researchgate.net/publication/387578084_Assessment_of_Soil_Quality_and_Metal_Contaminants_in_Paddy_Soils_and_Water_in_a_CKDu-Affected_area_in_Sri_Lanka},

doi = {10.2478/plua-2024-0020},

issn = {2256-0939},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-12-31},

urldate = {2024-12-31},

journal = { Rural Sustainability Research},

volume = {52},

issue = {347},

pages = {136-144},

abstract = {The proliferation of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka may be attributed to exposure to trace elements of both natural and human origin in the environment, which has been extensively explored and widely debated within the scientific community. This research aims to investigate the fluctuation of soil quality in paddy fields concerning depth and to evaluate the corresponding groundwater parameters in a region identified as a high-risk area for CKDu in the North Central region via determining different parameters including trace metals in both paddy soils and groundwater. The slightly alkaline paddy soils in the study area displayed elevated electrical conductivity values in the uppermost soil layer compared to the subsoil layer. Although hazardous metals, including lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd), were detected in the paddy soil, they did not surpass the critical toxic concentrations. A statistically remarkable robust positive correlation was discovered between the concentration of Pb in the soil and its depth. Additionally, the levels of toxic metals, such as lead, arsenic, cadmium, and chromium, in the study area’s groundwater were substantially lower than the safety standards set by the World Health Organization. However, some groundwater samples were found to contain anionic species, including fluoride, in concentrations that exceeded the established permissible limits. The gradual accretion of trace elements within the paddy soil presents a potential hazard for the translocation of such elements into the rice plants, thus constituting a possible threat to human health.},

keywords = {Bioaccumulation, chronic kidney disease, CKDu, Contamination, paddy soil},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Perera2024e,

title = {Chemometric assessment of bioaccumulation and contamination pathways for toxic metals in diet and environment: implications for chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lankan agricultural regions},

author = {PLRA Perera and WPRT Perera and UP Liyanage and WAPJ Premaratne and JA Liyanage},

url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10661-024-13316-4



https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39508924/



https://www.researchgate.net/publication/385619571_Chemometric_assessment_of_bioaccumulation_and_contamination_pathways_for_toxic_metals_in_diet_and_environment_implications_for_chronic_kidney_disease_of_unknown_etiology_CKDu_in_Sri_Lankan_agricultura?_tp=eyJjb250ZXh0Ijp7ImZpcnN0UGFnZSI6Il9kaXJlY3QiLCJwYWdlIjoicHJvZmlsZSIsInBvc2l0aW9uIjoicGFnZUNvbnRlbnQifX0



https://rdcu.be/dZvyq, Free full article access },

doi = {10.1007/s10661-024-13316-4},

issn = {1573-2959},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-11-07},

urldate = {2024-11-07},

journal = {Environmental Monitoring and Assessment},

volume = {196},

number = {1179},

issue = {12},

abstract = {Prolonged consumption of foods containing toxic metals can elevate the risk of noncommunicable diseases, including chronic kidney disease of uncertain etiology (CKDu). Despite the increasing number of CKDu cases in Maradankulama and Mahakanadrawa Grama Niladhari Divisions (GN) in Sri Lanka, no prior studies have examined the accumulation of heavy metal(loid)s and their potential association with CKDu prevalence. Furthermore, there is an absence of comprehensive analyses using chemometric techniques such as PCA and hierarchical studies regarding CKDu and heavy metal contamination in Sri Lanka. This study aims to provide initial insights into the accumulation and potential pathways of toxic metals in staple foods within local diets and their subsequent presence in the agricultural environment of examined GNs. Cr, Cd, As, and Ni concentrations in analyzed foods were within permissible limits (MPLs), whereas Pb levels exceeded MPLs in rice (Oryza sativa), gotukola (Centella asiatica), lime (Citrus crenatifolia), and inland fish (Etroplus suratensis). High target hazard quotient (THQt) values in polished rice suggest possible health risks with prolonged intake. Hierarchical analysis suggested a common source of Pb accumulation. PCA and hierarchical clustering revealed the intricate connection between As and Cd, with their concurrent clustering in samples suggesting a potential common origin. This indicates that while individual concentrations comply with acceptable standards, the potential synergistic effects of Cd and As accumulation might pose elevated health risks. Further, the gut tissues of inland fish exhibited pronounced metal concentrations and significant (p < 0.05) positive correlations with toxic metals in the tank sediments suggesting a diet-based bioaccumulation pathway through sediments.},

keywords = {Bioaccumulation, CKDu, Heavy metals, Hierarchical clustering, PCA},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{Perera2024d,

title = {Heavy metal bioaccumulation in Etroplus suratensis residing in inland rivers and Amblygaster sirm in marine habitats in Sri Lanka: A comparative study},

author = {PLRA Perera and WPRT Perera and KADD Sakunthala and WAPJ Premaratne and JA Liyanage},

url = {https://rajithperera.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/jmtr_24_102-2.pdf},

doi = {10.4038/jmtr.v9i1.18},

issn = { 3051-5262},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-06-30},

urldate = {2024-06-30},

journal = {Journal of Multidisciplinary and Translational Research (JMTR)},

volume = {9},

issue = {1},

abstract = {Inland and marine fish are primary protein sources of the Sri Lankan diet. Prolonged consumption of contaminated fish can cause critical health implications such as chronic kidney disease (CKDu). This study investigates the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in edible fish from inland rivers and coastal regions using Etroplus suratensis residing in inland rivers and Amblygaster sirm in marine habitats in Sri Lanka for the analysis. Inland fish samples were collected from Nikawewa and Mahakandarawa tanks in Kurunagala and Anuradhapura districts, respectively, while marine fish samples were collected from the coastal region near Trincomalee harbour. The analysis of heavy metal/ metalloid (i.e., Pb, Cr, As, Cd, and Ni) contents in fish samples revealed that muscle tissues of inland fish samples had significantly higher levels of Pb and Cr, exceeding the Maximum Permissible Limits (MPL). In contrast, marine fish exhibited negligible amounts of heavy metals across all tissues. Health risk assessments indicated that the Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Total Hazard Quotient (THQ), and Carcinogenic Risk (CR) values for Pb and Cr in inland fish were significantly higher than those in marine fish, suggesting potential health risks. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's pairwise comparisons confirmed significant (p < 0.05) geographical and tissue-specific variations in heavy metal concentrations. Inland regions showed higher contamination levels than coastal regions. Gut tissues generally had the highest concentrations of heavy metals, followed by muscle, gill, and liver tissues. These findings underscore that the inland fish samples from the studied regions may pose adverse health effects, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring and regulation to mitigate heavy metal contamination and safeguard human health.},

keywords = {Arsenic, Bioaccumulation, chronic kidney disease, ckd, CKDu, Contamination, E. suratensis;, Etroplus suratensis, Heavy metals, Inland Fish},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}